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摘 要：目前已在較广的学科范围及其领域内应用到古地貌研究成果，古地貌恢复更是与油气田勘探开发关系密切。随着石油工业的快速发展，油气田古地貌恢复方法的研究有了比较明显的进展。通过分析近些年兴起的代表性古地貌恢复方法，总结中国油气田古地貌恢复方法研究的主要进展。①古地貌恢复方法的理论基础多元化：分析古构造、古水系、古流向和沉积相等的综合性研究是沉积学古地貌恢复法的关键所在；将基准面和最大洪泛面结合进行基准面旋回对比来反映沉积前古地貌形态，是高分辨率层序地层学古地貌恢复法的核心思路；依据三级地貌概念模式指导微地貌精细刻画，是井区尺度岩溶微地貌恢复法的主要优势；碳酸盐岩沉积期微地貌恢复法的主要原则是寻找等时地质体，确定台地浅滩的暴露时间，利用颗粒岩的厚度对暴露浅滩的微地貌进行有效恢复。②古地貌恢复方法的实用性越来越强：鄂尔多斯盆地、渤海湾盆地、塔里木盆地和四川盆地的油气田实例说明，虽然在采用这些古地貌恢复方法时，定量研究的手段均有待加强，但仍然为油气田储层预测和油气富集有利区优选提供了重要支撑，其应用前景广阔。③古地貌恢复方法之间优势互补，趋于综合研究：沉积学古地貌恢复法目前应用比较成熟；高分辨率层序地层学古地貌恢复法的研究工作处于起步阶段；井区尺度岩溶微地貌恢复法适合于潮坪为主的碳酸盐岩台地；碳酸盐岩沉积期微地貌恢复法适用于滩体发育的碳酸盐岩台地。不同方法的综合研究是油气田古地貌恢复方法发展的必然趋势。
关键词：古地貌；恢复方法；沉积学；高分辨率层序地层学；井区尺度；沉积期；油气田
中图分类号：P931；P531 文献标志码：A
Abstract： At present， the paleogeomorphology has been widely used in many subjects and their application fields. Paleogeomorphologic reconstruction has close relations with exploration and development of oil and gas fields. With the rapid development of petroleum industry， the study on palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods has relatively obvious progresses in oil and gas fields. These representative new palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods in recent years were analyzed， and the main research progresses in oil and gas fields of China were summarized. ①The theoretical basis of palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods is diversified. Firstly， the key of sedimentology paleogeomorphic reconstruction method is the comprehensive study on paleostructure， paleo-drainage-system， paleocurrent direction， sedimentary facies， etc.； secondly， the core thought of high resolution sequence stratigraphy reconstruction method is to reflect the palaeogeomorphic form of pre-depositional stage by means of base-level cycle correlation based on the combination of base-level and maximum flood flooding surface； thirdly， the karst microtopography reconstruction method of well area scale has an obvious advantage， which is that the conceptual model of three-level paleogeomorphology could guide fine characterization of microtopography； fourthly， the main principle of carbonate rock microtopography reconstruction method on the depositional stage is chosing the isochronous geologic body， confirming platform shoal exposed time and effectively reconstructing microtopography of exposed shoal by means of grainstone gross-thickness. ②The practicability of palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods is better and better. Examples of application in Ordos Basin， Bohai Bay Basin， Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin illustrate that they can provide an important support for the reservoir prediction and favorable area optimization， while the ways of quantitative research are relatively poor. These methods still have broad application prospects in oil and gas fields. ③Complementary advantages exist among palaeomorphologic reconstruction methods， while they have a trend to comprehensive research. Sedimentary paleogeomorphic reconstruction method is one of relatively mature methods in its application field at present； the research work of high resolution sequence stratigraphy reconstruction method is yet at its beginning stage； karst microtopography reconstruction method of well area scale is well applied to the carbonate platform of tidal flat development； carbonate rock microtopography reconstruction method is appropriate for the carbonate platform with the development of beach body. The comprehensive study of different reconstruction methods is an inevitable trend for palaeomorphologic reconstruction in oil and gas fields.